| Titre : | DIVERSITY, MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN DURUM WHEAT IMPROVEMENT IN ALGERIA |
| Auteurs : | BERBER,Naima, Directeur de thèse ; abderrahmane AZZAOUI, Auteur |
| Type de document : | texte imprimé |
| Editeur : | Dr. Moulay Tahar Université Saida, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, 2023/2024 |
| Format : | 64 p / 29 CM |
| Accompagnement : | CD |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Langues originales: | Anglais |
| Mots-clés: | Durum wheat ; Algeria ; food security ; Marker Assisted Selection ; plant breeding |
| Résumé : |
Durum wheat (Triticum durum Desf.) is a cornerstone of Algeria's
agriculture, playing a critical role in food security and cultural heritage. Despite its importance, the cultivation of durum wheat in Algeria is hold back by various biotic and abiotic stresses, impacting yield and quality. Recent advancements Marker inmolecularbiology AssistedSelection(MAS) and as biotechnology an effective have strategy introduced for crop improvement. This study examines the application of MAS in enhancing the resilience and productivity of durum wheat in Algeria, structured into four chapters. The initial chapter provides an overview of durum wheat, including its historical significance, biological traits, and agronomic practices, emphasizing its global and local relevance. The second chapter explores molecular markers and their application in agriculture, detailing SSRs, SNPs, and the principles of MAS. It also addresses the specific biotic and abiotic stresses affecting durum wheat in Algeria. The final chapter integrates these concepts, focusing on practical applications and successful case studies of MAS in improving durum wheat's stress resistance, yield, and quality. |
| Note de contenu : |
INTRODUCTION ..................................................................................................................... 1
1 .CHAPTER 01:OVERVIEW OF DURUM WHEAT ............................................................. 1 1.1 Classification ............................................................................................................. 2 1.1.1Botanic Classification ....................................................................................... 2 1.1.2Genetic classification ........................................................................................ 3 1.2 History and eco-geographical distribution.............................................................. 4 1.3 Origin of durum wheat ............................................................................................. 5 1.4Origin of the A genome ........................................................................................ 7 1.5Origin of the B genome ........................................................................................ 7 1.6Origin of the D : ..................................................................................................... 8 1.7 Structure and composition of the durum wheat kernel ........................................ 9 1.8Systematic position of durum wheat ................................................................. 11 1.9Ecological Requirements of Durum Wheat ........................................................ 11 1.10Production ........................................................................................................... 12 1.11Growing durum wheat ........................................................................................ 13 Worldwide.................................................................................................................... 13 1.12Use of wheat ........................................................................................................14 1.13Biology and development cycle of wheat .......................................................... 15 1.13.1 Morphological characteristics ........................................................................ 15 ixTable of contents 1.13.2The egetative system ..................................................................................16 1.13.3The reproductive system ............................................................................ 17 1.14 2 Reference stages and phases .............................................................................18 .CHAPTER 02: MOLECULAR MARKER AND MARKER ASSISTED SELECTION IN AGRICULTURE..................................................................................................................... 23 2.1 The concept of Molecular Markers ....................................................................... 24 2.2 3 Types of Molecular Markers .............................................................................. 24 2.2.1Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) .................................................................. 25 2.2.2-Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) .................................... 28 2.2.3Single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) ........................................................ 28 2.2.4Random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD) .............................................. 29 2.3Classification of Molecular Markers .................................................................. 30 2.4Advantages and Limitations of Molecular Markers .......................................... 31 2.5Applications of Molecular Markers in Durum Wheat Research ....................... 32 2.5.1Construction of linkage maps and QTL mapping ......................................... 32 2.5.2Marker-Assisted Selection (MAS) .................................................................. 33 2.5.3Application of QTL Mapping for disease resistance in wheat diseases ...... 34 2.5.4Exampels of the most disease related to durum wheat : ............................ 35 .CHAPTER 03: BIOTIC AND ABIOTIC STRESSES IN ALGERIAN DURUM WHEAT .... 37 3.1 Concept of Stress ................................................................................................... 38 3.2Main Constraints Related to Wheat Production in Algeria .............................. 38 3.3Types of Stress .................................................................................................... 39 3.3.1Abiotic Constraints ......................................................................................... 39 3.3.2Biotic Stresses ..................................................................................................41 3.4 3.4.1 4 Weed Infestations and Herbicide Resistance ................................................... 46 Utilization of Herbicide Resistance ............................................................... 46 .CHAPTER 04 : THE USE OF MOLECULAR MARKERS IN DURUM WHEAT IMPROVEMENT IN ALGERIA .............................................................................................. 47 4.1Historical background ........................................................................................ 48 4.2Cereals Project and Field Crops Development Institute .................................. 48 xTable of contents 4.3Current Status and Future Directions ................................................................ 49 4.4Current use of molecular markers ..................................................................... 49 4.5Case Studies on the Use of Molecular Markers in Durum Wheat in Algeria ... 50 5CONCLUTION .............................................................................................................. 53 6REFERENCE ................................................................................................................. 55 |
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Documents numériques (1)
SNVTM000988 Adobe Acrobat PDF |
