| Titre : | Investigating the Effectiveness of Positive Self-Talk in Boosting Master One EFL Students’ Self-Confidence and Reducing Their Anxiety. The Case of Saida University |
| Auteurs : | Imane SAHNOUNE, Auteur ; Dr. H. GHEMBAZA, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | texte imprimé |
| Editeur : | Dr. Moulay Tahar University, Saida Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of English Language and Literature, 2023-2024 |
| Format : | 69p / CD |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Catégories : | |
| Mots-clés: | academic achievement, anxiety, overconfidence, self-confidence, positive self-talk |
| Résumé : | EFL learning process presents various academic stressors that hinder students’ progress, notably low self-confidence and anxiety. While significant, these challenges can be effectively managed by applying suitable strategies such as positive self-talk. This study aims to investigate the effectiveness of positive self-talk in enhancing self-confidence and reducing anxiety levels of Master One EFL students. Additionally, it seeks to explore the potential contribution of positive self-talk to students’ overconfidence. To reach these objectives, a mixed methods approach comprising both quantitative and qualitative research instruments was employed. A semi-structured questionnaire was administered to 19 Master One EFL students of Didactics, and a semi-structured interview was conducted with 10 students from the literature and civilization group, the third research tool is classroom observation through which the researcher selected the interviewees. The study findings revealed that Master One EFL students utilize positive self-talk and perceive it as effective in enhancing self-confidence and alleviating anxiety, particularly in verbal communication. Moreover, the students expressed that excessive use of positive self-talk leads to overconfidence, which they have experienced personally. This study underscores the significance of positive self-talk and encourages future researchers to delve deeper into its influence on the academic performance of EFL students. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of Contents
Declaration of Originality ..........................................................................................................II Dedication ................................................................................................................................ III Acknowledgements..................................................................................................................IV Abstract ..................................................................................................................................... V Table of Contents.....................................................................................................................VI List of Tables............................................................................................................................. X List of Figures ..........................................................................................................................XI List of Pie-Charts ....................................................................................................................XII List of Bar-Graphs................................................................................................................. XIII List of Abbreviations............................................................................................................. XIV List of Appendices ................................................................................................................. XV General Introduction .................................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One:Positive Self-Talk, Self-Confidence and Anxiety- A Review of Related Literature 1.1 Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.2 Self-Talk: An Overview....................................................................................................... 4 1.3 Types of ST ...................................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1 Positive Self-Talk....................................................................................................... 5 1.3.1.1 Techniques of PST .............................................................................................. 6 1.3.1.2 Concepts Related to PST..................................................................................... 6 1.3.2 Negative Self-Talk ..................................................................................................... 7 1.3.2.1 Forms of NST...................................................................................................... 8 1.3.2.2 NST and Learned Helplessness........................................................................... 8 1.4 ST in EFL Learning Context ............................................................................................ 8 1.5 ST versus the Attribution Theory ..................................................................................... 9 1.6 PST and SC..................................................................................................................... 10 VII 1.6.1 Self-confidence ........................................................................................................ 10 1.6.2 High SC versus low SC............................................................................................ 10 1.6.3 The cousins .............................................................................................................. 11 1.6.3.1 Self-efficacy ...................................................................................................... 11 1.6.3.2 Self-esteem........................................................................................................ 11 1.6.4 Factors Affecting Students’ SC ............................................................................... 12 1.6.5The Efficacy of PST in Boosting SC........................................................................ 13 1.7 PST and Overconfidence ................................................................................................ 13 1.7.1 Overconfidence ........................................................................................................ 13 1.7.2 How Does It Look Like?.......................................................................................... 14 1.7.3 How Does PST Contribute to Overconfidence? ...................................................... 14 1.8 PST and Anxiety............................................................................................................. 15 1.8.1 Anxiety..................................................................................................................... 15 1.8.2 Types of Anxiety...................................................................................................... 16 1.8.2.1 Trait Anxiety ..................................................................................................... 16 1.8.2.2 State Anxiety ..................................................................................................... 16 1.8.2.3 Situational Anxiety............................................................................................ 16 1.8.3 Symptoms of Anxiety .............................................................................................. 16 1.8.3.1 Physical Symptoms........................................................................................... 16 1.8.3.2 Psychological Symptoms .................................................................................. 17 1.8.3.3 Behavioral Symptoms ....................................................................................... 17 1.8.4 Factors Fueling Students’ Anxiety........................................................................... 17 1.8.5 The Efficacy of PST in Reducing Anxiety .............................................................. 18 1.9 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 18 Chapter Two:Research Methodology and Design- Data Analysis and Interpretation 2.1.Introduction .................................................................................................................... 21 2.2 Research Methods........................................................................................................... 21 2.3 Participants ..................................................................................................................... 21 2.4 Research Instruments...................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1 Questionnaire ........................................................................................................... 22 2.4.1.1 Description of the Questionnaire....................................................................... 22 VIII 2.4.1.2 Questionnaire Analysis ..................................................................................... 23 2.4.1.3 Results Interpretation ........................................................................................ 30 2.4.2 Classroom Observation............................................................................................ 32 2 4.2.1 Description of Classroom Observation ............................................................. 32 2.4.2.2 Purpose of Use .................................................................................................. 32 2.4.3 Interview .................................................................................................................. 33 2.4.3.1 Description of the Interview.............................................................................. 33 2.4.3.2 Interview Analysis............................................................................................. 33 2.4.3.3 Results Interpretation ........................................................................................ 35 2.5 General Interpretation of Results.................................................................................... 36 2.6 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 37 Chapter ThreeFostering Positive Self-Talk-Suggestions and Recommendations. 3.1 Introduction .................................................................................................................... 39 3.2 Teaching Practices to Counter NST .............................................................................. 39 3.2.1 Raising Students’ Awareness................................................................................... 39 3.2.2 Assisting Students to Challenge Their NST ............................................................ 40 3.2.2.1 Positive Affirmations List ................................................................................. 40 3.2.2.2 Role-Plays ......................................................................................................... 40 3.2.3 Teaching PST........................................................................................................... 41 3.2.3.1 Modeling PST ................................................................................................... 41 3.2.3.2 Sharing Personal Experiences with PST ........................................................... 42 3.2.3.3 Telling Stories about PST ................................................................................. 42 3.2.4 Creating a Supportive Learning Atmosphere........................................................... 42 3.2.5 Collaboration with Parents....................................................................................... 43 3.2.6 Organizing Workshops on PST ............................................................................... 43 3.2.7 Adopting the MUSIC Model of Motivation ............................................................ 44 3.2.7.1 Empowerment ................................................................................................... 44 3.2.7.2 Usefulness ......................................................................................................... 44 3.2.7.3 Success .............................................................................................................. 45 3.2.7.4 Interest............................................................................................................... 45 3.2.7.5 Caring ................................................................................................................ 45 3.2.8 Considering Seating Arrangement........................................................................... 45 IX 3.2.9 Classroom Decoration.............................................................................................. 46 3.3 Students’ Strategies to Enhance PST.............................................................................. 47 3.3.1 The Identification of Negative Thoughts................................................................. 47 3.3.2 The Transformation of Negativity to Neutrality...................................................... 47 3.3.3 The Use of Positive Affirmations ............................................................................ 48 3.3.4 Practicing Gratitude ................................................................................................. 48 3.3.5 Setting Morning Routines........................................................................................ 48 3.3.5.1 Meditation ......................................................................................................... 49 3.3.5.2 Reading.............................................................................................................. 49 3.3.5.3 Writing .............................................................................................................. 49 3.3.5.4 Visualization...................................................................................................... 50 3.3.5.5 Exercise ............................................................................................................. 50 3.3.6 Getting around Positive People................................................................................ 50 3.3.7 Being Open to Laughter........................................................................................... 50 3.3.8 Asking about Good Qualities................................................................................... 51 3.3.9 Seeking Professional Assistance.............................................................................. 51 3.4 Conclusion ...................................................................................................................... 52 General conclusion................................................................................................................... 53 References................................................................................................................................ 56 Appendices............................................................................................................................... 65 |
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