| Titre : | The Issue of Race and Citizenship in the United States of America |
| Auteurs : | ABDENNOUR SALAA, Auteur ; Dr. F. BOUGUESMIA, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | texte imprimé |
| Editeur : | Dr. Moulay Tahar University, Saida Faculty of Letters, Languages and Arts Department of English Language and Literature, 2023-2024 |
| Format : | 102p / CD |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Catégories : | |
| Mots-clés: | American citizenship, civil rights movements, different racial minorities, exclusion, race, racial discrimination, the United States of America. |
| Résumé : | Throughout the history of the United States of America, society knew the intersection of two major concepts, which were race and citizenship, as they framed the social, historical, and political landscape and circumstances. In fact, they affected the status of different racial minorities, who faced varied kinds of racial discrimination and exclusion from any citizenship rights, especially during the twentieth century. This study aims to examine and understand the unequal treatment of the different ethnic minorities in the United States of America and their impacts on obtaining and enjoying their rights, besides their struggle to gain their full citizenship rights. In order to gain an extensive understanding and gather data about the political, social, and historical status, in addition to the experiences of the various racial minorities, the research process relied on qualitative methodology through analyzing and studying various articles and books and checking historical documents. As well, this paper includes a historical approach since it examines the historical background of different ethnic minorities and their major events before and during the twentieth century, along with the civil rights movements struggle. The current research surrounded the historical context of the different ethnic minorities in the United States and how they were affected by the political and social racial treatments in terms of their citizenship rights and their reactions. |
| Note de contenu : |
Table of Contents
Declaration of Originality........................................................................................................II Dedication ............................................................................................................................... III Acknowledgements.................................................................................................................IV Abstract.................................................................................................................................... V Table of Contents ...................................................................................................................VI List of Acronyms ....................................................................................................................IX General Introduction .............................................................................................................. 1 Chapter One: The Historical Background of Racial minorities................................................. Introduction .......................................................................................................................... 4 1.1. Introducing the Concepts of Race and Citizenship ................................................ 4 1.1.1. Definition of Race ............................................................................................... 4 1.1.2. Definition of Citizenship .................................................................................... 6 1.1.3. The Relationship between Race and Citizenship ............................................ 7 .1.2 Native Americans....................................................................................................... 8 .1.1.2 Native American Communities and Cultures.................................................. 8 .1.1.3 Legacy of European Colonization on Indigenous Communities.................. 10 1.1.4. Treaties and Policies: Assimilation and Displacement ................................. 11 1.2. African Americans................................................................................................... 13 1.2.2. Slavery : Roots and Meaning .......................................................................... 14 1.2.3. Abolitionist Movements and the Emancipation Proclamation .................... 16 1.2.4. Reconstruction Era and the Struggle for Civil Rights.................................. 19 1.3. Asian Americans...................................................................................................... 21 1.3.2. Chinese Immigration and the Exclusion Act of 1882.................................... 22 1.3.3. Japanese Immigration...................................................................................... 24 1.4. Hispanic Americans................................................................................................. 25 1.4.2. Spanish Colonization and the impact of Conquest ....................................... 25 1.4.3. Mexican-American War and The Treaty of Guadalupe Hidalgo............... 28 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 29 Chapter Two : The Status of Ethnic Minorities in USA during the Twentieth Century......... Introduction..................................................................................................................... 31 VII 2.1. Native Americans................................................................................................. 31 2.1.1. The Indian Citizenship Act of 1924 ................................................................ 31 2.1.3. The Termination Era (1953 – 1968)................................................................ 34 .2.2 African Americans................................................................................................... 35 2.2.1. Jim Crow Laws................................................................................................. 35 2.2.2. The Tulsa Race Massacre of 1921................................................................... 38 2.2.3. The Great Migration........................................................................................ 39 2.2.5. The Harlem Renaisance................................................................................... 42 2.3. Asian Americans...................................................................................................... 44 2.3.1. The Gentlemen’s Agreement 1907................................................................. 44 2.4. Hispanic Americans................................................................................................. 48 2.4.1. The Bracero Program ...................................................................................... 48 2.4.2. The Segregated Schools ................................................................................... 49 2.4.3. The Zoot Suit Riots .......................................................................................... 50 2.4.4. Operation Wetback.......................................................................................... 51 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 52 Chapter Three : The Civil Rights Movements........................................................................... Introduction ........................................................................................................................ 53 3.1. The Red Power Movement...................................................................................... 53 3.1.1. The American Indian Movement.................................................................... 53 3.1.2. The Occupation of Alcatraz ............................................................................ 54 3.1.3. The Trail of Broken Treaties ......................................................................... 56 3.1.4. Wounded Knee Occupation 1973 ................................................................... 57 3.2. The African American Civil Rights Movement.................................................... 57 3.2.1. The Brown v. Board of Education case .......................................................... 58 3.2.2. The Montgomery Bus Boycott ........................................................................ 59 3.2.3. Sit-in movement and Freedom Rides ............................................................. 61 3.2.4. March on Washington 1963 ............................................................................ 63 3.2.5. The Civil Rights Act of 1964............................................................................ 65 3.2.6. The Voting Rights Act of 1965 ........................................................................ 66 3.3. Asian Americans Civil Rights movement.............................................................. 67 3.3.1. Korematsu v. United States case..................................................................... 67 3.3.2. Lau v. Nichols case ........................................................................................... 68 VIII 3.3.3. Chinatown Garment Workers Strike............................................................. 70 3.4. The Chicano Movement.......................................................................................... 70 3.4.1. The United Farm Workers.............................................................................. 70 3.4.2. The Brown Berets Participation in the Chicano Movement ........................ 71 3.4.3. East Los Angeles walkouts .............................................................................. 72 3.4.4. The Chicano Moratorium................................................................................ 74 Conclusion........................................................................................................................... 74 References............................................................................................................................... 77 Appendices.............................................................................................................................. 91 Appendix A:......................................................................................................................... 91 Appendix B:......................................................................................................................... 94 Appendix C: ........................................................................................................................ 95 Appendix D: ........................................................................................................................ 96 Appendix E: ........................................................................................................................ 97 Appendix F:......................................................................................................................... 98 Appendix G:........................................................................................................................ 99 Appendix H:..................................................................................................................... 100 Appendix I:....................................................................................................................... 101 Appendix J:...................................................................................................................... 102 |
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