| Titre : | LES ENSEMBLES STATISTIQUES ET |
| Auteurs : | LAHCINE NOUH, Auteur ; HAMADA, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | texte manuscrit |
| Editeur : | Université de Saida Dr MOULAY Tahar Faculté des Sciences Département de Physique, 2017/2018 |
| Format : | 84ص |
| Accompagnement : | CD |
| Langues: | Français |
| Index. décimale : | BUC-M 008078 |
| Catégories : |
MASTER Spécialité : PHYSIQUE Option : physique computationnelle |
| Mots-clés: | : statistical ensembles: ideal gas: negative température: partition function, grand potential: adsorption. |
| Résumé : |
Abstract
The statistical description of a system with a very large number of particles in equilibrium, and the treatment of any of statistical physics problems, always follow the two steps for solving problems. First, determination of the microscopic states (microstates) accessible by the N-particles system : this is a Quantum Mechanics problem, which may be reduced to a Classical Mechanics one in some specific cases. Will schematically present the most frequent situations. Second, evaluation of the probability for the system to be in a particular microstate, in the specified physical conditions : it is at this point that the statistical description comes in.To solve this type of problem, one has to express that in equilibrium the statistical entropy is maximum, under the constraints defined by the physical situation under study : the system may be isolated, or in thermal contact with a heat, the system may exchange particles or volume with another system, and so forth. The experimental conditions define the constraints from the conservation laws adapted to the physical situation (conserved total energy, conserved number of particles, etc.). The most usual statistical ensembles will be presented : “microcanonical” ensemble, “canonical” ensemble and “grand-canonical” ensemble. In all these statistical ensembles, one reproduces the considered system in a thought experiment, thus realizing an assembly of macroscopic objects built under the same initial conditions, which allows average values of fluctuating physical parameters to be defined. For a given physical condition, one will decide to use the statistical ensemble most adapted to the analysis of the problem. |
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Documents numériques (1)
BUC-M 008078 Adobe Acrobat PDF |
