| Titre : | Assessment of the protective effects of anacyclus pyrethrum and cichorium intybus combination on hepatotoxicity in rats |
| Auteurs : | RACHEDI Romaissaa, Auteur ; MOUISSI Wafaa, Auteur ; SIDI IKHLEF Amel, Directeur de thèse |
| Type de document : | texte imprimé |
| Editeur : | Dr. Moulay Tahar Université Saida, Faculté des Sciences Naturelles et de la Vie, 2025/2026 |
| Format : | 96 p / 29 CM |
| Accompagnement : | CD |
| Langues: | Anglais |
| Langues originales: | Anglais |
| Catégories : | |
| Mots-clés: | hepatoprotection ; Anacyclus pyrethrum ; Cichorium intybus ; combination ; paracetamol ; liver |
| Résumé : |
The present study aimed to evaluate the hepatoprotective effects of Anacyclus pyrethrum
and Cichorium intybus, administered individually or in combination, against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Previous studies have demonstrated that both plants possess important biological properties, including antioxidant, detoxifying, and anti-inflammatory activities, which may contribute to hepatic protection.To investigate the effects of A. pyrethrum and C. intybus administration on liver structure and function, histopathological evaluation, biochemical analysis, and oxidative stress assessment were performed. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight experimental groups, including control group, 3 plant-treated groups (A.pyrethrum, C. intybusand mixture) , intoxicated group, and 3 treatment(A.pyrethrum, C. intybusand mixture) + intoxication groups. Plant extracts and their mixture (50:50) were administered orally at a dose of 200 mg/kg b.wdaily for seven days. Hepatotoxicity was induced in the intoxicated and treatmentintoxicated groups by administration of paracetamol at a toxic single dose (3g/ Kg b.w) in the eighth day.At the end of the experimental period, blood and liver tissues were collected for biochemical, oxidative stress, and histopathological investigations. The results demonstrated that paracetamol intoxication induced severe hepatic injury, characterized by significant increases (p 0.001) in serum transaminases (TGO and TGP), total and direct bilirubin, gamma-glutamyl transferase (GGT), and alkaline phosphatase (ALP), accompanied by a marked reduction(p 0.001)in total protein levels compared with the control group. These biochemical disturbances were associated with oxidative stress, evidenced by reduced catalase (CAT) activity and increased malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, indicating impairment of antioxidant defenses and enhanced lipid peroxidation.Histopathological examination of intoxicated animals revealed marked hepatic alterations, including lobular lymphocytic inflammatory infiltration, hepatocellular ballooning, cytoplasmic clarification, and disruption of normal hepatic architecture. In contrast, preventive treatment with A. pyrethrum, C. intybus, and their combination significantly improved liver biochemical parameters by reducing hepatic enzyme leakage, normalizing bilirubin concentrations, restoring total protein levels, increasing CAT activity, and decreasing MDA concentrations compared with intoxicated animals.Among the tested treatments, C. intybus exhibited greater hepatoprotective activity than A. pyrethrum, while the combination of both extracts produced the strongest protective effect, suggesting possible synergistic interactions between their bioactive compounds. Histological analysis further confirmed these findings, showing near-normal hepatic architecture with only mild inflammatory infiltration and absence of major degenerative changes.Overall, the findings suggest that preventive administration of A. pyrethrum and C. intybus, particularly in combination, effectively attenuates oxidative stress, preserves hepatic architecture, and protects against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity |
| Note de contenu : |
Introduction…………………………………………………………………………..……17
Section N:01 Theoretical Part Chapter I: Anacyclus pyrethrum & Cichorium intybus…………………...…………....21 1. Medicinal plants…………………...……………………………………………………….21 1.1 Definition …………………………………………………………………………...……..21 1.2 Medicinal Plants in Algeria…………………………………………………………..…....21 1.3 Extraction Methods…………………………………………………………………….......22 1.4 Bioactive Compounds ...……………………………………………………………….......22 2. Anacyclus pyrethrum……………………………………………………………………………………...23 2.1 Definition ………………………………………………………………………………………23 2.2 Morphology ………………………………………………………………………………...….23 2.3 Taxonomy and the Geographical Distribution …………………………………………....24 2.4 Chemical composition …………………………………………………………………….24 2.5 Pharmacological activity ………………………………………………………………..……..26 2.5.1 Antioxidantactivity ……………………………………………………………………..…....26 2.5.2 Antimicrobial activity …………………………………………………………..………..…..26 2.5.3 Antidiabetic effect ……………………………………………………………………..…….27 2.5.4 Neurological effects …………………………………………………………………..……..27 2.5.5 Aphrodisiac activity ………………………………………………………………..…..……28 2.5.6 Other activities ……………………………………………………………………..……..…28 3. Cichorium intybus …………………………………………………………….…………………………..28 3.1 Definition ……………………………………………………………………………..………..28 3.2 Morphology …………………………………………………..…………………...…………...29 3.3 Taxonomy and geographic distribution …………………………………………………...30 3.4 Chemical composition …………………………………………………………………………30 3.5 Pharmacological Activities………………………………………………………………...32 3.5.1 Antimicrobial Activity ……………………………………………………………………….32 3.5.2 Antioxidant activity ………………………………………………………………………….32 3.5.3 Anti-Inflammatory Activity…………………………………………………………………..33 3.5.4 Antihepatotoxic…………………………………………………………………...………….33 3.5.5 Antidiabetic …………………………………………………………………...…………….33 3.5.6 Other activities ……………………………………………………………………………….34 Chapter II: Hepatotoxicity 1.Liver ……………………………………………………………………………………………..36 1.1 Anatomy………………………………………………………………………………………..36 1.2 Function ………………………………………………………………………………………..38 2. Oxidative stress ………………………………………………………………………………….39 2.1 Oxidants and Free Radical Production……………………………………………...39 V 2.2 Oxidative Stress in the Pathogenesis of Disease ……………………………………..40 2.3 Antioxidant Defense Mechanisms in the Liver ……………………………………...40 2.4 The Impact of Oxidative Stress on Liver Cells ……………………………………...41 3. Liver Toxicity ………………………………………………………………………….41 3.1 Epidemiology………………………………………………………………………...42 3.2 Etiology ……………………………………………………………………………...43 3.3 Hepatotoxicity by Drugs …………………………………………………………….43 3.3.1 Pathophysiology et Histopathology ……………………………………………….44 3.3.2 Evaluation ………………………………………………………………………….44 3.3.3 Categories of Hepatotoxicity ……………………………………………………...45 3.3.4 hepatoprotective herbal medicines …………………………………………………46 Section N:02 Practical part Chapter III: Materiel & methods 1. The objective …………...………………………………………………………………49 2. Preparation of Plant Extracts ………………………………………………………….49 3. Experimental Animals …………………………………………………………………49 4. Distribution of Experimental Groups ………………………………………………….49 5. Sample collection ……………………………………………………………………..50 6. Biochemical analysis ………………………………………………………………….50 6.1 Transaminase Assays …………………………………………………………………50 6.2 Bilirubin Assay ……………………………………………………………………….51 6.3 Alkaline Phosphatase Assay ………………………………………………………….52 6.4 Gamma glutamyl transferase (GGT) assay …………………………………………..53 6.5 Total Protein Assay ………………………………………………………………….53 7. Determination of oxidative stress markers ……………………………………………..54 7.1 Preparation of liver tissue homogenate ……………………………………………….54 7.2 Bradford Protein Assay ……………………………………………………………..54 7.3 Catalase activity assay ………………………………………………………………..56 7.4 Malondialdehyde assay ……………………………………………………………….57 8. Histological Processing of Liver Tissue ……………………………………………….58 9. Statistical analysis ………………………………………………………………….....59 Chapter IV: results and discussion 1. Biochemical assays for the evaluation of liver function ………...……………………..61 1.1. TGO et TGP ………………………………………………………………………….61 1.2 bilirubin assay………………………………………………………………………... 65 1.3 Gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase assay ………………………………………………68 1.4 Alkaline phosphatase assay …………………………………………………………...70 1.5 total protein assay ……………………………………………………………………..71 2. oxidative stress assay …………………………………………………………………..76 2.1 Catalase activity ………………………………………………………………………76 2.2 The malondialdehydeconcentration …………………………………………………..77 3. Histological study ……………………………………………………………………...81 Conclusion and Perspectives.……………………………………………………………………....88 Bibliographic references …………………………………………………..…………….. 91 |
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